The National Basketball Association ( Nba ) - 760 Words

One of the professional sport leagues that I feel does the best job exposing diverse population playing its sport is the National Basketball Association (NBA). The sports league that I feel does the worst job of exposing diverse populations to playing its sport is the National Hockey League (NHL). The NBA consists of a variety of people from different cultures and ethnical backgrounds that play the game. Many great NBA players have come from different cultures and had a great career playing basketball for the NBA such as Pau Gasol who is from Spain, Manu Ginobili who is from Argentina, Dirk Nowitzki who is from West Germany, and many more great basketball players. There are many great NBA players that come from different social class such as Kobe Bryant coming from a middle class family because his father played professional basketball in Italy and in the NBA and Jimmy Butler who was homeless at the age of 13. The reason why I chose NHL as the worst to expose diverse population beca use the league is predominantly white and hockey doesn’t seem like a worldwide sport, because the only areas I seen where people really are into hockey is in Canada and the north and northeast part of the United States. I really found it odd that there are a lot of minority hockey fans in northern states, but there is very little minority playing hockey. An African American NHL named Wayne Simmonds had a banana thrown at him doing a game in London, which is a racist act. Another example of racismShow MoreRelatedThe National Basketball Association ( Nba )2016 Words   |  9 PagesThe National Basketball Association (NBA) was founded on June 6, 1949 in New York City and has exploded today to become one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world, next to the National Football League(NFL). There are a total of 30 teams in the NBA, each worth about $1.25 billion, making the whole league worth about $37.5 billion. The mastermind behind the NBA’s huge profi ts are the white collared team owners who watch over the respected team franchises for years. In the pastRead MoreThe National Basketball Association ( Nba )1993 Words   |  8 PagesThe National Basketball Association (NBA) is currently struggling with a widespread epidemic known as tanking. Tanking, for the sake of this paper, is a, â€Å"team s intent to do less than everything it can to win.† Teams are motivated to tank because of a system known as the NBA Draft lottery, which assigns the worst NBA teams with the best odds of winning one of the three top picks in the NBA Draft (where teams are able to select from a talent pool of amateur or previously unassociated athletes)Read MoreThe National Basketball Association ( Nba )2269 Words   |  10 Pagesof 3 % and the minimum of 23.5 billion dollars in revenue generated every year since 2010, it is safe to say that America loves its sports. The four most popular major professional sport leagues known as, the National Bas ketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), National Hockey League (NHL), and also Major League Baseball (MLB), are responsible for most of this revenue generated on the annual basis. With carefully planned out season schedules that work around each other, ultimatelyRead MoreComparing Basketball And The Basketball Association826 Words   |  4 PagesWNBA vs. NBA Basketball is one of the most popular sports played and watched nationwide and global. Shooting, dribbling, crossing someone up, and even dunking has caught the eye of many people around the world. Many basketball players start at young age playing at a local recreation or YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association) to build their skills and IQ of the game. This sport also consists of two genders: male and female. One of the top associations in American sports today is The National BasketballRead MoreNba vs Wnba1115 Words   |  5 PagesNBA vs WNBA Victor Zuniga Composition and Communication I June 30, 2013 Abstract We are going to talk about the differences about the National Basketball Association and the Woman National Basketball Association. Because right now the popularity on the WNBA is known than the NBA, mainly because of the excitement of the NBA brings to the fans is a lot more entertaining than the WNBA, obviously because in the NBA have more money to pay their players and to have nice venue. An interviewRead MoreBasketball Association And The Nba1409 Words   |  6 Pages What makes the NBA (National Basketball Association) and the WNBA (Women’s National Basketball Association) popular among their fan base? The NBA and the WNBA, feature men, as well as women’s professional basketball, therefore drawing the attention of twice as many fans. Each league plays the same sport, but contains a separate set of rules for each which causes different paced games. Both the National Basketball Association and the Women’s Basketball Association help promote each other’s businessRead MoreBASKETBALL (Wee chuan): Introduction Played indoors/outdoors by two opposing teams of five900 Words   |  4 Pages BASKETBALL (Wee chuan): Introduction Played indoors/outdoors by two opposing teams of five players each.Basketball was created in 1891 by Dr. James naismith.The space is a rectangular, indoor court. Today basketball is the most popular sports in United States and Europe. To win the game, the team must throw a 30-inch ball through a 60-inch hoop more times than your opponent does. Basketball focuses on dribbling, passing, rebounding, shooting. It consist of four basic passes, chest pass, two-handRead MoreThe Fair Labor Standards Act923 Words   |  4 Pagesof hours worked. The military requires a minimum age of 17 with parents consent to join. Wow a 17 year old can be allowed to carry and M16 A4 rifle and fight for his/her country. But the National Basketball Association wants to up the age to 20 years old. Adam Silver is the National Basketball Association commissioner and he is wanting to raise the age that player can enter the league from 19 to 20. Doing so would stop many college players from leaving school after one year. He has been quotedRead MoreThe Basketball Association And The Nba1635 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Basketball Association, or the NBA, is a men’s professional basketball league in the USA. The National Basketball Association was born in 1949 after the Basketball Association of America and the National Basketball League merged as one. Maurice Podoloff was elected head of the new league that consisted of seventeen teams which came from cities and towns all across the country. The NBA did not have a great start with its teams dwindling to only eight teams in the 1950s. At this pointRead MoreThe Basketball Association Of America Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesThe game of basketball was founded by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismi th in 1891. It was a game that was first played in local YMCA that helped develop the game to what it is today. The YMCA had a major role in spreading basketball throughout the world. In 1893 basketball was now playing at the collegiate level. A few years later in 1898 the first professional league was founded. The National Basketball League consisted of six teams, but was later abandoned in 1904. The game continued

Descriptive Essay A Sigh - 1821 Words

Easing himself into the tub, Tom released a contented sigh. As the warm water washed over his tired body, he started to relax, the sensory gratification helping to mute the voices echoing inside his head. From its position on the bathroom vanity, a small transistor radio played an innocuous rock ballad, the low-quality tinny sound invoking memories of his childhood. He leaned back against the hard porcelain and hummed along to the tune, the familiarity of the song releasing a kaleidoscope of images into his head, each one carefully selected for maximum pleasure. It was the tonic he needed, and when the tension in his shoulders finally melted away, he closed his eyes and took a stroll down memory lane. A small smile tweaked the corners of†¦show more content†¦His dysfunctional relationship with his brother had become the norm, he knew what to expect, and although emotionally and physically damaging, he accepted it for what it was†¦his life. When his fingertips started to wrinkle, the young officer heaved himself out of the tub and grabbing a towel, he dried his battered flesh. He was looking forward to an early night so he could lose himself in the black and white images of his past. But no sooner had he slipped on his terry cloth robe than a cold draft swirled around his bare legs. He turned around, his brow creasing into a from. But when he saw his brother standing in the doorway, he managed a wan smile. â€Å"Hey, Will. Is something wrong?† Will’s eyes wandered over his sibling’s robe-clad body. â€Å"I was going to ask you the exact same thing. You hardly touched your pizza. Is everything okay, Tom-Tom?† Tears pricked at Tom’s eyes and looking away, he swallowed deeply, his Adam s apple bobbing with suppressed emotion. The tender concern in his brother’s voice was unexpected, and he fought to keep his composure. He blinked several times, his hands clenching and unclenching in a display of agitation. But he knew his fighting a losing battle. He was tired and emotional, and he longed to share the burden of his tumultuous day. His lower lip started to quiver, his face contorting into a mask of misery as his anguish spilled forthShow MoreRelatedHate Poem by Julie Sheehan790 Words   |  4 Pagesthe work of the â€Å"Hate Poem†. â€Å"Tone is an aspect of point of view since it has a great deal to do with the narrator. Tone is the narrator’s predominant attitude toward the subject, whether that subject is a place, event, character or idea† (Writing Essays about Literature, Kelley Griffith page 46). When analyzing the â€Å"Hate Poem† by Julie S heehan, â€Å"To understand the tone of the poem, we need to listen to the words, as we might listen to an actual conversation. The key is to hear not only what is beingRead MoreEssay on The Personality of Othello1053 Words   |  5 PagesWhereof by parcels she had something heard, But not (intentively.) I did consent, And often did beguile her of her tears When I did speak of some distressful stroke That my youth suffered. My story being done, She gave me for my pains a world of (sighs.) She swore, in faith, twas strange, twas passing strange, Twas pitiful, twas wondrous pitiful. She wished she had not heard it, yet she wished That heaven had made her such a man. She thanked me, And bade me, if I had a friend that lovedRead More ?An Interpretation of Paul Laurence Dunbar?s Poem Sympathy and We Wear the Mask?1194 Words   |  5 Pagescondition of African Americans in America was Paul Laurence Dunbar. Paul Laurence Dunbar was one of the most prolific poets of his time. Paul Laurence Dunbar used vivid, descriptive and symbolic language to portray images in his poetry of the senseless prejudices and racism that African Americans faced in America. Throughout this essay I will discuss, describe and interpret Sympathy and We Wear the Mask. Both Sympathy and We Wear the Mask were written by Paul Laurence Dunbar. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ToRead MoreAn Interpretation of Paul Laurence Dunbars Poem Sympathy and We Wear the Mask1228 Words   |  5 Pagescondition of African Americans in America was Paul Laurence Dunbar. Paul Laurence Dunbar was one of the most prolific poets of his time. Paul Laurence Dunbar used vivid, descriptive and symbolic language to portray images in his poetry of the senseless prejudices and racism that African Americans faced in America. Throughout this essay I will discuss, describe and interpret Sympathy and We Wear the Mask. Both Sympathy and We Wear the Mask were written by Paul Laurence Dunbar. To begin with, the poemRead MoreAnalysis of John Donnes Poem, The Flea Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesof love; in raising this conceit, we can see the unconventional way the speaker tries to sell his argument. He acts jealous of the flea because it received her blood â€Å"before it woo (1081).† The argument is not intense or angry; it ends with a mock sigh: â€Å"And this, alas, is more than we would do (1081).† The playful conceit of the first stanza lays the ground for the more outlandish claims of the second and third. The speaker next takes a more impassioned tone as he seeks to save the flea’s lifeRead MoreRobert Frost - Poetry Begins in Delight Ends in Wisdom - Essay2002 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Poetry begins in delight and ends in wisdom† – Robert Frost Essay Danielle Sims Robert Frost was a poet who wrote traditional poetry that opposed the free verse styles and â€Å"no rules† system of the modernist poets who wrote at the same time in the early 1900s. His poetry is deceptively simple, commonly using colloquial language which flows just as naturally as speech. Whilst Frost is a poet who seems to be simplistic in his writing styles, his rhyming schemes are surprisingly sophisticated, oftenRead MoreRomeo and Juliet- Gcse Level3876 Words   |  16 PagesRomeo and Juliet essay In Romeo and Juliet we learn how Shakespeare uses vivid language to build character and depth in their roles. Shakespeare was a poet, playwright and an actor with a great love for language. Shakespeare was of great importance when it came down to the moulding and developing of the English language. Shakespeare had such an immense love for language that he created neologisms that we use in everyday life. Some of these neologisms he created include words such as puke, lonelyRead MoreHow Does A Middle Paragraph Differ From The Structure Of An Introductory Paragraph? Essay6292 Words   |  26 Pageswrite, longer paragraphs force the writer to think more, so that they will be able to cut out the parts that are unnecessary in the future. 4. In what way does the structure of a paragraph resemble the structure of a full essay? a. The structures of a paragraph and a full essay are similar because they both include a beginning, a middle, and an end. 5. What is the function of the first sentence in a paragraph? a. The first sentence in a paragraph is the topic sentence, which tells the reader aboutRead MoreDescriptive Writing Samples6140 Words   |  25 PagesGCSE ENGLISH LANGUAGE UNIT 3: DESCRIPTIVE WRITING The Descriptive Writing task in Unit 3 is worth 7.5% of the subject award and is marked out of 20. The mark given for each of the examples provided is supported by comments related to the criteria given in the specification for (i) Content Organisation; (ii) Sentence Structure, Punctuation Spelling. A notional grade is indicated in each case, based on the way that the same mark scale for Writing has been used in the past, and consistent withRead Morethatcher4803 Words   |  20 Pagesthe natural (â€Å"brute†) beauty of the bird in flight is but a spark in comparison with the glory of Christ, whose grandeur and spiritual power are â€Å"a billion times told lovelier, more dangerous.† The first sentence of the sestet can read as either descriptive or imperative, or both. The idea is that something glorious happens when a being’s physical body, will, and action are all brought into accordance with God’s will, culminating in the perfect self-expression. Ho pkins, realizing that his own heart

Johannes Brahms free essay sample

Known as one of the three Bis (meaning Bach, Beethoven and Brahms) of classical music, Is Johannes Brahms. Brahms is perhaps one of the greatest tributes to the Romania era of music. Brahmas music complemented the rapid growth of Romantic individualism in the second half of the 19th century. He often styled his works after Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, with an added influence from Franz Schubert, artists to whom he had a great adoration for. Johannes Brahms was born in the German city of Hamburg.His father was a Caucasian who played several instruments but was not proficient at managing the familys money. For this reason Brahms and his family were constantly moving. However, Mr.. And Mrs.. Brahms did make sure that Johannes and his brother attended good schools wherever they heaped to reside. Johannes loved to read and built a huge library. He also obviously loved music and learned to play the piano, horn and cello. We will write a custom essay sample on Johannes Brahms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Brahms is not only well known for his traditional music pieces, but also for the Hungarian dance pieces he wrote, twenty-one In all.As Brahms grew older, he toured as an accompanist, playing Plano for a Hungarian violinist. The violist and the gypsy bands Brahms heard later on when he traveled to Hungary Inspired his Hungarian Dances, which were a hit with the public. His most famous dance piece is the Hungarian Dance No. 5. It is speculated that the composer Brahms aspired to be most like was Beethoven. Many people considered Brahms to be the successor to Beethoven. For a long time, Brahms refused to write a symphony, because he was afraid his work would not be s commendable as Beethovens.However, Brahms ended up writing four symphonies. Unfortunately, little Is known of Abrahams methods of work. A harsh self-critic, he burned all that he wrote before the age of 19 as well as some sketches of later masterpieces. It is known that he frequently reworked pieces over a period of ten to twenty years until his piece was perfected. Until 1873 Brahms had written chiefly for the piano, the instrument he knew best, and for chorus and orchestra, but y the end of his life he had written pieces In every musical form, opera excluded. The Lullaby was perhaps on of Brahms most famous pieces. HIS numerous other important works include Childlikeness (Song of Destiny, 1871 ) and the Violin Concerto in D Major (1878), all together he composed more than 150 songs. Brahms is one of the true greats of classical music. He continued the style of Beethoven, his most admired predecessor, but added his own touch to his music. Many of Brahms pieces continue to be played today. Brahms Hungarian dances hat were so popular when he wrote them continue to be popular, and Brahms Lullaby Is widely recognizable.Modern artists arrange Brahms work and play It on modern instruments. Though he was not the first composer to give folk tunes serious attention, he set an example for other composers of these pieces. As one of the central composers of classical music, Brahms and his music will continued to inspire MN. W. Bach-cantatas. Com/Lib/Brahms-Johannes. HTML NNW. Alembic. Com/artist/Johannes-Brahms-mn0000796908 Carlson, Betty.

Sartres thesis is that existentialism is the beli Essays

Sartre's thesis is that existentialism is the belief that man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. If I claimed to be a loving person but always talked down to people, or made fun of them, embarrass them, talk about them, I couldn't claim that I am a loving person. If I am a loving person, my actions should show it. When Sartre states "Existence precedes essence," he means who we are is defined by what we do. We cannot pretend to act like someone different than who we are. Who we are is defined by what we do. If I want to be nice, I will have to start acting nice towards everyone. If I want to be happy, I will only be happy when I start to be happy. According to Sartre, we cannot think ourselves into being nice or happy. It is our actions that will make us be what we want to be. That is what existence preceding essence means. Sartre describes anguish as "the feeling of total and deep responsibility" somebody has when they realize that "he is not only the person he chooses to be, but also a lawmaker who is, at the same time, choosing all mankind as well as himself". Anguish demonstrates itself when people realize that they have to make decisions that impact others. These decisions will make our path become the only reality we will ever know. Forlornness is saying "that God does not exist and that we have to face all the consequences of this". This causes problems that we will have to come upon when we realize that there is no God who had been leading us in certain directions all this time. Sartre claims that this will lead us to a point where we will have to use our intuition to decide what decisions we should really make in life. Despair means "we shall confine ourselves to reckoning only with what depends upon our will, or on the ensemble of probabilities which make our action possible". The real definition of despair is a total loss of hope. Sartre tried to redefine despair to mean a way of thinking that we can only deal with and that only we as humans can control. Sartre is guilty of what he claims Christians do. The word despair is not being used with the right meaning. He uses the word for impact, but uses the word in a completely different way than what it really means. "I shall have no illusions and shall do what I can" To Sartre, that is what despair really is.

The True History of the 3 Hole Punch and Its Inventor

The True History of the 3 Hole Punch and Its Inventor SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The hole punch was actually invented decades before it became a staple of modern offices. Read this guide to learn more about hole punch history, why the original inventor of the hole punch was contested, and how the hole punch has evolved over the centuries. Who Invented the Hole Punch? Who's the original hole punch history inventor? There were two original types of hole punches, and they were created for many of the same reasons hole punches are still used today. One type was used to punch a single hole in tickets to show they’d been used, and the other was used punch identical holes in paper to make it easier to keep them organized in a ring binder. For such a straightforward tool, hole punch history actually has some controversy. Three men registered patents for hole punches around the same time. Friedrich Soennecken Soennecken was a German entrepreneur who invented a number of things, including a new type of ink container, a style of calligraphy, and a pen nib. In 1886, he also invented the ring binder, and soon after, on November 14th, 1886, he registered a patent for a â€Å"paper hole maker for folders,† or what he called a Papierlocher fà ¼r Zammelmappen. His hole punch was placed on a desk and used a lever to punch two holes into paper. The paper could then easily be placed in the ring binder. Benjamin Smith About a year and a half before Soennecken filed for his hole punch patent, on February 24th, 1885, American Benjamin Smith received a US patent for a somewhat similar tool known as the Conductor’s Punch. Although Smith received his patent before Soennecken, he is sometimes not seen as the original inventor of the hole punch because his invention differed significantly from the three-hole punch often seen in offices today. Smith’s invention was handheld and used to metal pieces connected to a spring to punch a single hole in paper. It also included a receptacle to hold the small circles of paper it cut out. The Conductor’s Punch was used to by railway conductors to punch holes in train tickets (hence its name). Charles Brooks In 1893, American Charles Brooks received a patent for the Ticket Punch, an invention similar to Smith’s Conductor’s Punch. Both had a similar design, but Brooks’ Ticket Punch had a larger receptacle to hold paper cuttings, and the receptacle was also removable. Brooks is actually more well-known for a different patent he received, for a street sweeper. The street sweeper remains in use today, relatively unchanged from his original invention. So who is the real inventor of the hole punch? Most people label either Friedrich Soennecken or Benjamin Smith as the â€Å"father† of the hole punch. Soennecken supporters say that, because his invention is much closer to the modern-day three hole punch, he is the original inventor, while Smith supporters say that, because he received the first patent for a hole punch invention, he is the original inventor. For what it’s worth, when Google decided to celebrate the 131st anniversary of the invention of the hole punch, they based the anniversary off the date that Soennecken received his patent, a decision that received mixed opinions online. How Has the Hole Punch Evolved? The original hole punch designs are still used widely today, with only minor modifications. However, other hole punches have been developed in the 20th and 21st centuries. These include three- and four-hole punches, hole punches that can punch through thicker materials such as cloth or thin metal sheets, hole punches that cut different shapes such as stars or hearts for crafters, and electric hole punches. Summary: 3-Hole Punch History The hole punch history spans several centuries and countries. The first hole punch inventor was American Benjamin Smith who, in 1885, developed a handheld device that was used to punch a single hole in train tickets. German Friedrich Soennecken is widely seen as the first inventor of the three-hole punch, which he received a patent for in 1886. Since then, the basic design of hole punches hasn’t changed all that much, but new features have been added as they continue to be widely used in offices and homes across the world. What's Next? Have you heard the stories ofcamel spiders being fearsome, deadly predators?Is there any truth to those tales? Learn which camel spider myths should be debunked by reading our guide! What is Stockholm syndrome?Is it actually a real condition? We explain everything you should know about Stockholm syndrome and analyze famous cases. Love to draw?We've compiled 100 of the best easy drawing ideas to spark your creativity!

Discuss how a range of psychological and sociological theories could help a social worker to understand the issues contained The WritePass Journal

Discuss how a range of psychological and sociological theories could help a social worker to understand the issues contained Introduction Discuss how a range of psychological and sociological theories could help a social worker to understand the issues contained IntroductionPsychological theoriesSociological TheoriesConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction Within this Essay I am going to discuss a range of psychological and sociological theories that could help a social worker to understand issues in case study Four.   This discussion is going to focus on Winston who is 75 years old and experiencing hard time due to the death of his wife Doreen after living happily for 45 years together. As a social worker it is important of knowledge of the psychosocial theories. This is helps to understand why Winston stuck in this situation and he cannot see the light in the tunnel. He lost his beloved wife, and also many other things which were important for him and for his life. The loss of income, loss of hobby, loss of his social life, friends, social interaction, health and homeland are the big issues in Winston’s life. Winston feels lonely, socially excluded with health issues as arthritis, depression and anxiety. His sons are not visiting him so often. All these problems are seems endless and there is no way to get out of this situat ion, and that is why important to look through the different aspects of the psychosocial theories. Psychological theories Firstly need to understand how psychological and sociological theories define in Winston’s case. There are few psychological theories would be appropriate to understand why Winston feels the way he is now and it is important to outline them: Bowlby’s Attachment theory, Erikson’s Eight stages of the development, Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, Bereavement, depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Winston is 75 years old and it is important to understand what changes occurred in his age stage. There are many positive and negative sides in this stage of the life. Obviously by getting older people have gain more wisdom, but circumstances could change the angle of mind, which could lead to the negatives outcomes. Erik Erikson’s (1902-1994) stage Eight of the human development describes how during the old age people are focused on reflecting back on their life. There are some people who are successful and feel proud and have a sense of integrity.   Winston is an opposite for this type, he feel that his life has no sparkle and experiencing many regrets. He is left with feelings of hopelessness, depression and despair.   This theory helps to define diverse categories of people in older age and what responses will arise in different circumstances. Due to Winston’s bereavement on his wife he developed so many other problems. He is not able to force himself to move on and leave passed event behind him. Psychology studies describe two categories of people who experienced death of close person which is â€Å"determinism† and â€Å"free will†.   Those with â€Å"Free will† is have a positive approach to live and can make positive own decisions evaluating passed events. Winston is belongs to the opposite group where individuals whose passed events controlling over. Winston is too weak to approach the line and get positive outcomes. This is explains why he choose to isolate himself from the society due to his loss. He would not let off his hopeless dream of happy retired life with his beloved wife Doreen. He feels guilty, angry maybe with himself or could be with Doreen who left him on his own. Winston and Doreen’s was a happy couple with strong and close relationship. He was so much attached to his wife. Now when he is left on his own he feels very lonely. Psychologist J. Bowlby (1907–1990) explains â€Å"Whenever loss is permanent, as it is after bereavement, anger and aggressive behaviour are necessarily without function. The reason that they occur so often none the less, even after a death, is that during the early phases of grieving a bereaved person usually does not believe that the loss can really be permanent; he therefore continues to act as though it were still possible not only to find and recover the lost person but to reproach him for his actions.† (J.Bowlby, 1973). The death of someone close is one of the hardest life’s experiences. The first reaction for grief is shock follows with denial, when person may refuse to accept the loss. A wish to escape from grieving may follow with acceptance in time or willingness to accept the loss a nd move on.   In Winston’s case he kept his grief for himself. It is important to understand that grief of a spouse often last longer than other people may realise. Most of the time spouse may experience grief not only in the first year after but for a long time beyond that. Winston’s attachment to his wife was positive for the time when she was around, but affected negative after the loss. He sometimes feels cheated that they could not have enjoyed retirement together. This type of feelings was analysed by J.Bowlby (1973) as ‘dysfunctional anger’. Anger could be presented not only in the aggressive way. The anger could be silent when individual keeping in ‘silence’ and not letting it out. In this condition individuals will get drained not only mentally, but physically exhausted. Winston’s arthritis is getting worse and he is not able to do all activities which he could do and therefore he doesn’t have any other hobbies that co uld keep his mind occupied. Winston may experience of being useless and his self esteem and self actualisation is really low. Abraham Harold Maslow’s (1908-1970) hierarchy of needs explains why Winston’s self-esteem and self-actualisation are missing or shown in very unfortunate condition. Winston has poor health condition. Important to identify how good is his diet, and if he is suffering of sleepless nights. He has a shelter, but missing level of love and belongingness needs affected on his self-esteem and self-actualization needs. Winston lost his identity and self-respect and could not anticipate respect from others. He doesn’t have need of ‘purpose for living’ and cannot realise all of his potentials. His three sons live in other parts of the country and Winston has a very little joy to see them. Winston has a little contact with other people as well and lost his contacts with his close friends. That is another reason why he feels lonely and depressed. â€Å"Depression affects our thinking, our emotions, our behaviour and our physical health.   You might feel down, or empty. Some people have difficulty remembering, or cant make decisions like they once did.† (www.psychologyinfo.com. visited on 20.05.2011).   Psychology recognises two types of the depression which is ‘reactive’ and ‘physical’ depression. ‘Physical’ depression is based on deficiencies in neuron communications in the brain.   Winston depression is ‘reactive’ which is explains as a response to stressful and traumatic event loss of his wife followed by other losses as loss of income, loss of close relationship with his sons, loss of hobby, loss of other people, friends, loss of the social interaction, loss of homeland, loss of identity. Winston suffers with his anxiety which caused by the grief and hopeless wish to visit his homeland. He wants to visit Jamaica but money issues together with fear that things in Jamaica could be a lot different than it used to be stopping him to make that step. For social worker it is important to understand feelings towards loss of identity and homeland. On while Winston was younger, happy with his family life, busy with his work he did not realise the meaning of the â€Å"homeland†. By the older age when he is lonely he wants to go back to the place where once he was happy in his childhood. At first, this is seems like easy and achievable to do and this step could bring sparkle in Winston’s life, but anxiety of being not accepted in his homeland, and money issues stopping him to make this decision.  Ã‚   â€Å"The diagnosis of anxiety is difficult and complex because of the variety of its causes and the highly personalized and individualized nature of its symptom fo rmation.†Ã‚   (http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com visited on 20.05.2011) Sociological Theories Sociological theories are important as psychological theories in Winston’s case to recognise for social worker what issues would be prioritised to resolve his problems. First of all would be appropriate to look through Family structure, Structural theory, Social action theory of Webber (Interaction of people have with others) Theory of Family structure is one of the important elements to recognize issues in Winston’s case. Through history there were different changes in family structure, but mostly is important to understand what the meaning of the family is and how members of the family could value their roles. â€Å"Definitions of the family are based on the notion of kinship, blood, ties, marriage or adoption that joins individuals into family group.† (A.Llewellyn etal, 2008, p183). As called â€Å"normal married family† Winston and Doreen lived together 45 years and raised three sons. â€Å"Marriage between adult men and women is the arrangement through which adult personalities are supported and kept healthy† (Giddens, 2006, p 175) At first there look as if no any issues was in this family, but the fact that Winston sees his sons not very often is odd. Analysing Winston’s life and his lost connection with his relatives and family there is a clear line why his sons d o not have a responsibility for their father. Family is institution where adults pass their life experience, values and meaning of the family unit to their children. Children who were not taught to appreciate and have respectful relationship with older generations do not have a close family bond including parents. Winston’s sons did not see their father’s responsibility towards grandparents and their connection. That could be why they do not see themselves being irresponsible towards their father’s condition and for them it is absolutely normal to visit Winston (their father) not very often. Theory of Family structure leads to another theory in sociology known as a Social structure theory. This theory studies a relationship between different groups in the society what relates these groups, setting roles, what functions, purpose and meanings will connects them all groups together. Karl Marks, Max Webber, Emile Durkheim and many other social scientists had a great influence in this study. Winston isolated himself not intentionally from the society. He needs to realise that he is a human being and he is taking his part in the society he lives. Being socially excluded does not take his pain away. Karl Marx believed that human being â€Å"are able to choose what to act and or not to act. Furthermore, they are capable of choosing what kind of action to undertake† (G. Ritzer, 2000, p50). Winston cannot exist in isolation he needs to find strength to be a part of the society and make the most out of his life. This could be easier to say than to do especially taking into a ccount his age, his financial situation, his emotional needs, and his cultural differences. Max Webber (1864-1920) articulated ‘conception of social action’ (G. Ritzer, 2000, p121). He emphasized the importance of ‘social action’ as ability of â€Å"individuals to influence the nature of their social relationships in sociologically significant ways† (sociology.org.uk/siweber.pdf. viewed on 22 May 2011) According M. Webber Winston have to act as an individual who can make his own moves should be an active creator of his social behaviour. He should have his own motives and beliefs and be a part of the society. With own interpretation of the meaning of his situation Winston should be able to control his own actions. The reality of the Winston’s situation shows the opposite. He needs a guide from the professional to achieve his potentials and move on in his life. There are certain risk factors in Winston case. According to functionalist Durkheim (1858-1917) who studied suicide factors one of the reasons of the suicide cases is losing values and isolation from the social environment including family. An individual who becomes detached from the society, could make their own devices towards loosen bonds which previously were attached to the society or specific relationship. These losses may lead into negative emotions and may develop ‘egoistic’ or ‘individualistic’ suicide.    Conclusion Therefore this discussion has shown how different psychosocial theories and approaches could be used in social work practice. It is important to recognize and understand different psychosocial studies and interpret correctly for appropriate use in the different social work case studies. In Winston’s case was important to understand issues with his loss and bereavement, depression, anxiety, social deprivation, social interaction, social exclusion, family structure. It was important to understand his age concern, human needs, and what complications caused via attachment theory. It is crucial to identify every case as a unique case within specific circumstances. Therefore social work practice has to work in person centred approach taking into account service users wishes and what is important to them. This is means to listen to each person and help them to live the lives they choose with no discriminatory factors including age, gender, race, disability etc. Help to understand the ir situation via psychosocial theories and guide to set their own goals. References Ritzer G., (2000), Sociological Theory. 5th edition. Mc Graw-Hill Higher Education.USA Llewellyn A., Agu L.,Mercer D. (2008). Sociology for Social Workers, Cambridge, Polity Press Bowlby J., (1973). Separation, Anxiety and Anger. Volume two of Attachment and Loss. London. The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis Giddens, A. (2006) Sociology. 5th edition. Cambridge, Polity Press Beckett C., Taylor H. (2010). Human Growth and Development. Second Edition. London. Sage Publication Ltd Goldberg S., Muir R., Kerr J., (2000). Attachment Theory. Social Developmental, and Clinical Perspectives. NJ. The Analytic Press, Inc psychologyinfo.com/depression/seniors.htm#whatis http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Psychological+anxiety sociology.org.uk/siweber.pdf

Discuss how continuity and progression can be promoted in physical Essay

Discuss how continuity and progression can be promoted in physical education in the transition from Key Stage 2 to Key Stage 3 and in teaching and learning acro - Essay Example Continued school developmental work on transition from KS2 to KS3 is improving continuity and progression in physical education between the key stages in a number of areas of activity. Physical education provides a valuable involvement to the whole school curriculum. Students are engaged in developing their knowledge, skills and awareness within a range of physical activities so that they can perform with growing competence and poise. PE provides the chance for students to be innovative, competitive and work cooperatively together, i.e. to know-how to work as a team, in a variety of contextual situations. The diverse learning exposures within physical education tend to encourage spiritual, social, cultural and moral developments with personal growth in terms of self-confidence and self-esteem. The whole PE experience provides cerebral and physical challenges which promote positive approach to learning [3]. Physical education teaches students the importance of exercise and its role to maintaining a consistent healthy lifestyle. It exploits a range of psycho-motoring skills and develops stamina and strength. Students transferring from KS2 to KS3 get to build and maintain physical prowess, as well as to increase their mobility and flexibility. They develop the capacity to express their ideas freely and build upon the ability to be able to produce skilful and creative solutions to problems. PE allows the cultivation of personal qualities of commitment, passion and fairness. It enables the development to appreciate physical concepts of fair play, honest friendly competition and build-up on good character. They build upon the ability to appreciate the artistic qualities of physical movement. PE teaches the students to develop confidence by understanding the capabilities and limitations of oneself and others. Students are further taught to respect and obey logical instructions, regulations a nd able to always put these into

Short Term Financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short Term Financing - Essay Example The intention of going for short term financing is essentially to raise funds for operational activities of the business, these essentially means that such kind of financing is required on a very sort-notice hence the high cost of servicing it in terms of interest. Short term operation money may be secured first, any encumbered physical assets of the business second, additional funds from shareholders, or personal guarantees fro principals. On occasion, inventories can be used as temporary security for operations loans. In essence short term borrowing should be used for working requirements for day to day operations of a business. Industries with seasonal peaks and troughs and those engaged in international trade will be heavy users of short term borrowing / Banks allow their customers for certain overdraft amount. They no longer need to work with a series of pr-signed drafts .They allow customers to withdrew more funds than what is the current account up to approved limits Some banks help their customers transform book debts into cash by advancing up to 80% of the credit term invoice value. To ease the company's workload further to banks collects the cash from creditors on behalf of a customer so that cash floe can be allowed, raise additional capital easily and quickly and save administrative time. Some businesses tend to confuse which source to go for but there must be a clearly idenfiable reason why a business has to source for funds before deciding on which source to go for. This can give a clear direction. There are no guarantees that the rule of determining the source of finance ca purely be followed, at some stage the firm may go for long funds when really they should have gone for short and vice versa. This can be influenced by the cost implications of going for one and not the other. If going for short term might cost the business a lot in terms of interest, then they may opt for long term. At one point, even the real consumer need also to be on he look out on which form of way o raise funds depending on what is the problem one wants to address. One can not go for a long term loan for a school fees for kids because this necessary need to take a lot of documentation to have it processed. The same considerations are equally to be viewed fro the same perspective whether consumer or business. Conclusion. There is no confusion at all between the sources which an establishment should adopt or an individual should go for. As long as one identifies the objective of the loan or finance, it is easily determinable on which one should be opted for. All the matters is the urgency with the funds are needed and the purpose for which the funds are needed. Bibliography: 1. P.A. Pandey: Financial management, 2nd edition, Central law agency,

Stages in Consumer Decision Making Process Essay Example for Free

Stages in Consumer Decision Making Process Essay An individual who purchases products and services from the market for his/her own personal consumption is called as consumer.To understand the complete process of consumer decision making, let us first go through the following example:Tim went to a nearby retail store to buy a laptop for himself. The store manager showed him all the latest models and after few rounds of negotiations, Tim immediately selected one for himself.In the above example Tim is the consumer and the laptop is the product which Tim wanted to purchase for his end-use. Why do you think Tim went to the nearby store to purchase a new laptop ?The answer is very simple. Tim needed a laptop. In other words it was actually Tim’s need to buy a laptop which took him to the store.The Need to buy a laptop can be due to any of the following reasons: * His old laptop was giving him problems. * He wanted a new laptop to check his personal mails at home. * He wanted to gift a new laptop to his wife. * He needed a new laptop to start his own business. Look more:Â  the consumer buying process begins when essay The store manager showed Tim all the samples available with him and explained him the features and specifications of each model. This is called information. Tim before buying the laptop checked few other options as well. The information can come from various other sources such as newspaper, websites, magazines, advertisements, billboards etc. This explains the consumer buying decision process. 1. Step 1 Need is the most important factor which leads to buying of products and services. Need infact is the catalyst which triggers the buying decision of individuals. An individual who buys cold drink or a bottle of mineral water identifies his/her need as thirst. However in such cases steps such as information search and evaluation of alternatives are generally missing. These two steps are important when an individual purchases expensive products/services such as laptop, cars, mobile phones and so on. 2. Step 2 When an individual recognizes his need for a particular product/service he tries to gather as much information as he can. An individual can acquire information through any of the following sources: * Personal Sources He might discuss his need with his friends, family members, co workers and other acquaintances. * Commercial sources Advertisements, sales people (in Tim’s case it was the store manager), Packaging of a particular product in many cases prompt individuals to buy the same, Displays (Props, Mannequins etc) * Public sources Newspaper, Radio, Magazine * Experiential sources Individual’s own experience, prior handling of a particular product (Tim would definitely purchase a Dell laptop again if he had already used one) 3. Step 3 The next step is to evaluate the various alternatives available in the market. An individual after gathering relevant information tries to choose the best option available as per his need, taste and pocket. 4. Step 4 After going through all the above stages, customer finally purchases the product. 5. Step 5 The purchase of the product is followed by post purchase evaluation. Post purchase evaluation refers to a customer’s analysis whether the product was useful to him or not, whether the product fulfilled his need or not?

The Use of Punctuation in the Writing of Libyan Students Essay

Punctuation in English Parkes (1992), in his invaluable study of the history of punctuation, states: "Punctuation was developed by stages which coincided with changing patterns of literacy, whereby new generations of readers in different historical situations imposed new demands on the written medium itself' (p. 2). Punctuation is not a static model and even if we confine the discussion to early modern and modern English, it has changed quite considerably across time (Numberg, 1999). The uses of punctuation are conventional; they change over time and vary from language to language. There have been to be conventions or rules, for without these, punctuation would be wholly idiosyncratic and the possibilities of using it to facilitate effective communication would be either lost of severely hindered (Beard & et al., 2009). Some rules of punctuation are mandatory: if we violate them, we have made mistakes in punctuation. Others are optional: our choice is basing on the effect and emphasis we desire to deliver. To that extent, Greenbaum and Nelson (2002: 183) say â€Å"punctuation is an art.† There was a considerable debate between two schools: one believed punctuation should be based on elocution (how a sentence is spoken when it is read out aloud) and the other believed punctuation should be based on the grammar (Petit: 2003; Curtis, 2007; Hall and Robinson, 1996; Parkes, 1992). The latter (the syntactic-based approach) is the one we use today, which means the debate was won by grammar school. Recently, Dawkins (2003 and 1995) has come out with a new believe: teaching punctuation should be based on the meaning (the semantic- based approach). Dawkins (2003) assumes that writers have an intuitive sense of the independent claus... ..., p. 349). Moreover, Chiang (1999) claims that in EFL writing, the sentence(s) may appear to be appropriate order, but in incongruent places due to inappropriate use or non use of punctuation. Using the premise that students often have weak language skills, Warner (1979) surveyed 431 postsecondary students using four tools: student’s scores on an objective test, an in-class writing sample, an editing exercise, and a questionnaire about background in English and attitude toward grammar and writing. She found that the largest number of errors in the writing occurred in punctuation. She came out with: The high error rate in punctuation resulted from 1) the students not knowing the rules of punctuation, 2) knowing the rules but not being able to apply them to their own writing, or 3) constructing such poor sentences that correct punctuation was impossible (p.18).

Linguistics and Language Essay

1. The underlying assumptions, theories, and methods used by psychologiest, linguists, and researchers are believed to strongly affect the way each defines psycholinguistics. Please discuss some different conceptions of psycholinguistics in its relation to other branches of linguistics. Then, define yours. One of your reference should be â€Å"fundamentals of Pyscholinguistics by Fernandez and Cairns (2010)†. OPsycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study in which the goals are to understand how people acquire language, how people use language to speak and understand one another, and how language is represented and processed in the brain. Psycholinguistics is primarily a sub-discipline of psychology and linguistics, but it is also related to developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, neurolinguistics, and speech science (Fernandez: 2011). OPsycholinguistics examines the psychology of language; psycholinguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguists study understanding, producing, and remembering language, and hence are concerned with listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language. (Harley, Trevor A. 2001. The Psychology of Language. ) O†Psycholinguistic studies have revealed that many of the concepts employed in the analysis of sound structure, word structure, and sentence structure also play a role in language processing. However, an account of language processing also requires that we understand how these linguistic concepts interact with other aspects of human processing to enable language production and comprehension. â€Å"( William O’Grady, et al. , Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2001 O†Psycholinguistics, there is a constant exchange of information between psycholinguists and those working in neurolinguistics, who study how language is represented in the brain. There are also close links with studies in artificial intelligence. Indeed, much of the early interest in language processing derived from the AI goals of designing computer programs that can turn speech into writing and programs that can recognize the human voice. â€Å"(John Field, Psycholinguistics: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge, 2003) OPsycholinguistics refers to the efforts of both linguists and psychologists to explain whether certain hypotheses about language acquisition and language competence as proposed by contemporary linguistic theories (e. g. : transformational generative grammar) have a real basis in terms of : perception, memory, intelligence, motivation, etc. (Hartmann and stork: 1973) Oâ€Å"†¦.. psycholinguists are interested in the underlying knowledge and abilities which people must have in order to use language in childhood. I say â€Å"underlying knowledge and abilities† because language, like all systems of human knowledge, can only be inferred from the careful study of overt behavior. † (Dan Isaac Slobin: 1979) OBased on my reading, Psycholinguistics is study about language acquisition, language used one another, and study how language is represented and processed in the brain. Psycholinguistics is primarily a sub-discipline of psychology and linguistics, but it is also related to developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, neurolinguistics, and speech science. 2. Linguistic analysis might use similar language data or language corpuses as the object of analysis. Please give an example of language use which can be analyzed from different point of view, particularly from semantics, pragmatics, socialinguistics, discourse analysis, and psycholinguistics. Support your answer in term of their focuses of analysis. How are they similar, different, and how are they related one other. Linguistics study about human language as communication. In other hand, linguistics as fild of study that the object is language.  ·Semantics is one of study that hand-in-hand with pragmatics. specializing in semantics studies, languageis study about the meaning of words, that is influenced by the context in which the words are presented. Semantics study how words are given meaning by their structure, tone, and the situation in which they are used.  ·Pragmatics is concerned with the role of context in the interpretation of meaning.  ·Pragmatics and semantics is different parts but the same general study. Both semantics and pragmatics are concerned with people’s ability to use language meaningfully. While semantics is concerned with a speaker’s competence to use the language system in producing meaningful utterances and processing (comprehending).  ·Sociolinguistics a close neighbour of psycholinguistics, can be defined as the linguistic study dealing with the functioning of language in society. Sociolinguitics has to do with the study of language from the viewpoint of how social, regional, individual and historical aspects influence the language and its use in society which is specifically called speech community. OPsycholinguistics is the study of language acquisition and linguistic behavior. Psycholinguistics refers to the efforts of both linguists and psychologists to explain whether certain hypotheses about language acquisition and language competence as proposed by contemporary linguistic theories (e. g. : transformational generative grammar) have a real basis in terms of : perception, memory, intelligence, motivation, etc. (Hartmann and stork: 1973)  ·Discourse Analysis is approaches to analyzing written, vocal, or sign language use. discourse analysis is, like descriptive linguistics, a way of studying language. It may be regarded as a set of techniques, rather than a theoretically predetermined system for the writing of linguistic ‘rules’. (Yule, George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). ‘Doing discourse analysis certainly involves doing syntax and semantic, but it primarily consists of doing pragmatics. In discourse analysis, as in pragmatics, we are concerned with what people using language are doing, and accounting for the linguistic features in the discourse as the means employed in what they are doing. 3. The objects of psycholinguistic studeis are addressed to language production, acquisition, and comprehension. Could you explain how are the processes of the three language uses in term of psycholinguistics analysis.  ·Language production based on Levelt, speech production divided into four stage; I. Conceptualization and formulation Primitive linguistic concept about first conceptualized in human mind by David Mcneill stated that linguistic concepts are formed as two current and parallel modes of taught. These are syntactic thinking and imagistic thinking. Then syntactic thinking and imagistic thinking ellaborate to conceptualize conversation in which speech utterance and gestures to be tied together in time. But this concept has gone record. Formulation as the output of the process language production. Lashely stated that production and comprehension of speech is linear process. Based on tradition od examining speech production, sleep tangue as a window of the formulation process. II. slips of the tongue Slip of the tongue is normal mistake, it happen to catch the goof ourselve. Then we can immediately correct. Slip the tongue as the production process . but this concept has gone record too. III. Articulation In this stage we consider about what happens when all of he information go from our brain to articulation. IV. Self-Monitoring Self – monitoring seems that as final stage. It is not only produce speech and listen one to another, but also to keep one ear open on what they themselve saying.  ·Language acquisition Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words[->0] and sentences[->1] to communicate. Language acquisition began the same with the cognitive science at 1950’s. Chomsky argued that language acquisition falsified these beliefs in a single stroke: children learn languages that are governed by highly subtle and abstract principles, and they do so without explicit instruction or any other environmental clues to the nature of such principles. While Hence stated language acquisition depends on an innate, species-specific module that is distinct from general intelligence. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which encodes the major principles of a language and its grammatical structures into the child’s brain. In other point of view There are five stages in language acquisition stated by Chumbow and Adegbija (1984) such as babbling stage, the holophrastic stage, the two-word utterances, the telegraphic stage and recursive stage.  ·Language comprehension Clark and Clark argue that language comprehension is mental process by listeners take in the sounds uttered by speaker and use them to construct an interpretation of what they think the speaker intended to convey. (Clark and Clark: 1977)In sum up, language comprehension is building the meaning from sounds. While Language comprehension is generally viewed in cognitive theory as con-sisting of active and complex processes in which individuals construct meaning from aural or written information (Anderson 1985; Byrnes 1984; Call 1985; Howard 1985; Pearson 1985; Richards, 1983). An-derson (1983, 1985) proposes that the mental processes necessary for comprehending aural and written texts are sufficiently similar that comprehension of both can generally be discussed as a common phe-nomenon. 4. Following Clark and Clark (1977), comprehension involves two processes-construction and utilization processes. The first is concerned with the way listeners construct an interpretation of a sentence from the speakers’ words. The second deals with how listeners utilize this interpretation for further purposes for registering new infromation, answering questions, following orders, and registering promises. What really happens in our cognitive domains (memory) for both processes? Examplify your answer that the first happens earlier than the second OClark and Clark (1977) say that short-term memory is roughly related to the working memory in the construction process; long term memory is dealt with the process of utilization. In other word In short, short-term just focus on the surface of the utterance (how the sentence is constructed) while the long one concern on the meaning more (how the sentence is properly utilized). Outilization, consists of relating a mental represen-tation of the text meaning to declarative knowledge in long-term mem-ory. This process is referred to as elaboration in other descriptions of the reading process. Utilization is the key to comprehension and the basic determinant that facilitates it. In any mes-sage, there may be an interplay between information we already know and information that is entirely new. 5. Production of a speech requires speakers to plan what to say before its execution. Theoritically, the plan begins firstly with discourse plan followed by sentence plan and, at last, constituent plan. What should be the underlying concepts of this order? In the execution of a speech plan, several mental activities happen, what are they? Explain your answer OSpeech production is the process by which spoken[->2] words are selected to be produced, have their phonetics[->3] formulated and then finally are articulated by the motor system[->4] in thevocal apparatus[->5]. Speech production can be spontaneous such as when a person creates the words of a conversation[->6], reaction such as when they name a picture or read[->7] aloud a written word[->8], or a vocal imitation such as in speech repetition[->9]. Speech production is not the same as language production since language[->10] can also be produced manually by signs[->11]. The production of spoken language[->12] involves three major levels of processing. The first is the processes of conceptualization[->13] in which the intention[->14] to create speech links a desired concept to a particular spoken word to be expressed. The second stage is formulation in which the linguistic[->15] form required for that word’s expression is created. This process involves such processes as the generation of a syntactic[->16] frame, and phonological[->17] encoding which specifies the phonetic[->18] form of the intended utterance, the third stage is articulation[->19] which involves the retrieval of the particular motor phonetics[->20] of a word and the motor coordination[->21] of appropriate phonation[->22] and articulation by the lungs, glottis, larynx, tongue[->23], lips[->24], jaw[->25], and  other parts. (Levelt, WJ (1999). â€Å"Models of word production. â€Å"[->26]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3 (6): 223–232) 6. Children acquire language faster than adults’. Please give your arguments to agree or disagree to this statement. How do children use their utterance compared to adult. You should refer to, at least, four references. OChomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. In ways understanding and establish meaning in words, children and adults are different. Children tend to focus more on the superficial physical characteristics of an object when defining the prototype for an object and when comparing a stimulus to that prototype. Thus, children will gradually their understanding of an object. Steinberg at all (2001) conclude the progress started from vocalization to babbling, babbling to speech, naming and using holophrastic for one word utterances, and using telegraphic speech for two and three words utterances. Another expert Mc Neill in Steinberg at all (2001:36) gives another opinion that the child who is learning language can compare the language that they have in their mind with what they hear from his parents. Children give priority to collocational links between words. For example, a child might respond with the word ‘night’ when told the word ‘dark’, whereas an adult more likely to respond with the word ‘light’ when presented with the same word ‘dark. Children may take time to discover the criteria by adult classify item as co-ordinates. 7.  Language structure and language function can be seen differently by different scholars from the side of the meaning of an utterance. Please discuss your opinion about the function approach to meaning (the procedures and uses) Outterances has different meaning in context (including the situation, condition, location and the time in which the utterances are produced). For example : †Masak begitu saja jadi gila sih? † this utterance May be in giving support or motivate somebody who just got disappointed or depressed. 8. Please quote a mass demonstrant’s discourse (at least consisting of ten sentences). Please analyze psycholinguisticly the discourse of the demonstrant by considering his/her mass psychology. ODemo guru bantu : ‘angkat kami jadi PNS. Kami telah lama mengabdi untuk negri ini. Kalau kami tidak diangkat jadi PNS, gaji kami tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan primer kami. Yaitu kebutuhan hidup keluarga dan kebutuhan pendidikan anak-anak kami. Guru bantu perlu diperhatikan kesejahteraan hidupnya. Dari demo guru di atas terlihat semua individu memiliki kepentingan menjadi satu yaitu meminta kenaikan Gaji yang tidak sesuai standar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan utama. Dari kalimat demo di atas, setiap idividu guru lebih memiliki power yang lebih besar untuk meminta kenaikan gaji dikarekan mereka bersatu menjadi satu. OMass psychology is a branch of social psychology[->27]. Mass psychology is concerned with the behaviour and thought processes of individual mass members and the mass as a whole. The main idea of Sigmund Freud[->28]’s crowd behavior theory is that people who are in a crowd act differently towards people from those who are thinking individually. The minds of the group would merge to form a way of thinking. Each member’s enthusiasm would be increased as a result, and one becomes less aware of the true nature of one’s actions. Other major thinkers of crowd psychology include Rene Girard[->29], Gustave Le Bon[->30], Wilfred Trotter[->31], Gabriel Tarde[->32],Sigmund Freud[->33], Elias Canetti[->34], Steve Reicher[->35] and Julia Constintine. 9. How do you agree (support) or disagree to the following ideas: a. language need not be taught, nor can it be suppressed. OI agree that language need to be taught nor can be suppressed, Fernandez stated that language acquisition in the child is a naturally unfolding process, Every normal human acquires alinguistic system, and failure to do so is evidence for some sort of pathology. that children need to experience social, interactive language in order to acquire language. In fact, people acquire language at about the same speed during about the same age span, no matter what kind of cultural and social situation they grow up in. b.  children everywhere acquire language on a similar developmental schedule OI agree that children everywhere acquire language on a similar developmental schedule. Based on (Fernandez: 2011) state that babies coo in the first half of their first year and begin to babble in the second half. The first word comes in the first half of the second year for just about everyone. In all societies, babies go through a one-word stage, followed by a period of early sentences of increasing length; finally, complex sentences begin. By the age of 5 the basic structures of the language are in place, although fine-tuning goes on until late child-hood. Children all over the world are sensitive to the same kinds of language properties, such as word order and inflection. They make remarkably few errors, but their errors are of a similar type. While there is much individual variation in the age at which children acquire aspects of language, that variation is conditioned by individual char-acteristics of the child rather than by the language being acquired or the culture in which the language is used. c. language is universal in human being OI agree with that statement about there are close to 7,000 languages spoken in the world today and, on the surface, they differ greatly. However, there are profound similarities among the languages of the world – so many similarities, in fact, that human language can be thought of as a single entity. Language universals result from the way the human brain organizes and processes linguistic information: language universals are a product of human neurology. Thus, a person’s ability to acquire and use language is natural These universals do not derive from social, cultural, or general intellectual characteristics of humans. Instead, List of references: Clark, H. H. and E. V.  Clark (1977): Psychology and Language, New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Fernandez, Eva M. (2011). Fundamental of psycholinguistics. Oxford. Wiley-Blackwell Steinberg, at all (2001): Psycholinguistic: Language, Mind, and World. Malaysia, Pearson Education. Scovel, T (2001): Psycholinguistics. Hong Kong, Oxford University Press. Yasin, Anas. (2010). Tindak Tutur: sebuah model gamatika komunikatif. Padang: Sukabina Press [->0] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Word [->1] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sentence_(linguistics) [->2] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Spoken [->3] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonetic [->4] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Motor_system [->5] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vocal_apparatus [->6] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Conversation [->7] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reading_(process) [->8] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Writing [->9] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Speech_repetition [->10] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Language [->11] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sign_language [->12] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Spoken_language [->13] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Conceptualization. [->14] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Intention [->15] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Language [->16] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Syntactic [->17] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonological [->18] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonetic [->19] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Manner_of_articulation [->20] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonetics [->21] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Motor_coordination [->22] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Phonation [->23] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tongue [->24] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lip [->25] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jaw [->26] – http://www. columbia. edu/~rmk7/HC/HC_Readings/Levelt. pdf [->27] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Social_psychology [->28] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud [->29] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Girard [->30] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon [->31] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wilfred_Trotter [->32] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Gabriel_Tarde [->33] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud [->34] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Elias_Canetti [->35] – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Steve_Reicher

Beach Day

Beach Day First, as I approach the beach, I get over worked with the thoughts of finding my favorite spot. Once I am there, I bring with me my red cooler, blanket, chair, umbrella and a CD player. As I head over to my favorite spot, stepping onto the white sandy beach from a distance, I can glance ahead to see that my regular spot is not taken. It’s such a relief to know that from a distance my spot is there waiting for me, as if it knew, I was coming and I had a private reservation.With relief, I set up the blanket, place the cooler next to the chair, and prepare a hole in the sand to place the umbrella. Second, I’m ready to drink some homemade lemonade, which I made earlier to pleasantly sip at the beach. I don’t know what effect it has, but it’s very relaxing and soothing to enjoy a cold glass of lemonade. I enjoy every part of this task as a ritual for getting prepared before I can completely relax. Then, I set the CD player on top of the cooler, slip in my favorite CD and start listening to the music.I begin to unwind and enjoy the view of the vast ocean; its immensity, the people around me and the noise of the children playing. At this time; the sun is bright, it feels great to feel the warm breeze. I close my eyes to hear and feel the surroundings. I inhale the mist of the ocean breeze opening my lungs to cleanse all the hectic and impurities of my daily events. The ocean waves sounds enchanting. Next, as I’m enjoying my day, a guy hits a beach ball and the ball knocks my radio down, lemonade spills and the CD breaks. I was stunned by the event.The guy came over, helped me pick up my items and offered to buy me a drink. He apologized for the incident and picked another spot to play. I have never experienced something like this before, but I am glad that this guy was nice enough to handle the incident appropriately. And finally, I feel so blessed and I give thanks to the creator for all the wonders of life, the beach and the opportunity for a magnificent day that has been provided for me to enjoy. These are the small things that make the beach and my favorite spot so heavenly.

Keeping The Environment Clean Essay Example

Keeping The Environment Clean Essay Example Keeping The Environment Clean Paper Keeping The Environment Clean Paper Essay Topic: Chinatown Renewable energy There are trees,herbal plants people cant live without this environment. All of us want this environment to spend our life. So we get many things from environment. Example water,trees,erratic. Elf you clean this surroundings all of us can healthy and strong life-So we must clean our environment. But todays population are increasing. These population live with environment. So day by day,the people destroy this environment. Specially,I want to tell about the air pollution. Len our country,have many industries. So this industries throw chemicals and vessels. N this case,collect lot of reverberation air then pollute environment. So many people put garbage to the water. Some times this activity do industries. They put their garbage,chemicals to this water. We can get many information regarding this from T M and newspapers-So what happened this case pollute the water. Many time the fishes are killed. Alt will be poisonous. And also many people set fire to chance cultivating. Alt pollutes t he environment -We can see so many garbage on road sides. Villager collect the garbage and they use these garbage as their plants. So if you pollute this imprisonment Will note able to grow foods. So we will decide not to pollute the environment-I grew up in a environment where pollution, disease, and other problems are a big issue. Cars and factories release greenhouse gases into the air, and forests are being cut down. In other countries, many people are behind on cures for diseases. Many people talk about how the polar ice caps are melting and the ozone layer depleting. An Inconvenient Truth opened my eyes to see how todays technology and garbage affect these environmental disasters, and want to do something about it. Do some things to make myself more environmentally friendly. Ilk to school instead of driving because I live bout two blocks away. I also take the bus when I go downtown or my friends house. When need to get somewhere and many people are going I carpool with some friends. I recycle any cardboard boxes and milk cartons, and I reuse water bottles and fill them with filtered tap water instead of buying more water. I take short showers and I dont leave the facet o n when am brushing my teeth. At school, am constantly learning about the environment and how we are affecting it I noticed recycle and compost bins in the cafeteria and an old Asian woman picking up cans and bottles in the gym. In the A. P. Environmental Science class, I see how other third world countries are less fortunate than us and how we just dump our trash in their countries. We need to find a way to use less resources and produce less trash so other countries can improve their standard of living. During the summer of 2008, I was a intern at North East Medical Services (NEWS), which is a clinic near Chinatown. Worked as a lab technical assistant and they had strict safety regulations. I always had to wash my hands and wear latex gloves because I was transporting blood samples. My mentor told me that a clean work place reduces the chance of people spreading any diseases. He also told me that many people are ill because their houses or work places are unsanitary. A clean environment is good for everyone, but we are far from one. If we continue what we are doing, most of our natural resources would be gone and our future generations would have nothing to survive on. We should focus more on renewable energy sources like the wind, sun, and maybe even rain instead of wasting all of our fossil fuels. We also need to do more with our trash instead of burning or burying it. Hope that if apply my studies to environmental problems and coming up with a solution to them, can help make a better future for everyone.

Semiotic Analysis of the Meal essay

Semiotic Analysis of the Meal essay Semiotic Analysis of the Meal essay Semiotic Analysis of the Meal essaySince the ancient times signs have been an integral part of social life. One of the first systems of signs a human being masters in early childhood is language. However, Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) has introduced the explanation for semiology to deal not only with the field of language, but with almost each of the spheres making up human lives. As a science which studies the diversity of signs, semiology has much to offer to make lifestyles and social patterns clearer for a curious mind. Thus, the laws of semiology can be fittingly applied to eating habits in particular and eating cultures on the whole.Going to a Japanese restaurant can become an extremely useful experience if one wants to get a profound image of what Japanese culture is like. What is more, learning what people eat as well as how they do it is a key to understand their way of thinking, aesthetics, life values, and customs (Danesi 2012, p.194). The Japanese have an ancient dini ng culture, and the Spring Sushi restaurant presents an amazing combination of ancient traditions and latest innovations. Entering the restaurant, one gets into the atmosphere of delicious aroma and dim light. A Japanese restaurant is definitely not a place to make it loud and have fun. On the contrary, Spring Sushi is a place to enjoy a quiet friendly atmosphere, so the people do not talk loud and do not interfere with each other’s meals. Such an approach makes it obvious that eating is a ritual here.Further, the interior of the restaurant reflects the Japanese aesthetics to its full. Being designed and furnished in a typical orient style, the room grabs the attention of the visitor by small details like Maneki Neko, a nice figure of a cat with its paw raised which can be found at the receptionist. Maneki Neko, or a â€Å"fortune cat†, is a traditional Japanese symbol to bring prosperity in business.As for innovations, the owners of the restaurant are likely to create an image that their institution is for people who keep their hand on the pulse of the time (Van der Veen 2003, p.421). Trying to be up-to-date, the owners have done their best to make it comfortable and easy to enjoy a meal either at a business lunch or a date. The Japanese are well-known for their high results in technological advance, and Spring Sushi also cares to prove it. In particular, the order system provides the guest with the opportunity to read the menu and make an order by means of the iPad on the table. Electronic dining experience makes the guest feel how caring and progressive the Japanese nation is.As soon as the order is ready, the guest gets acquainted with the nuances of the Japanese cuisine. Just as Roland Barthes describes in Empire of Signs, the dishes are â€Å"slight in quantity but numerous† and the dishware â€Å"fulfill the definition of painting† (Barthes 1983, p.83). The attention to details characterizes the Japanese nation as exquisite, scrupulous, and patient. Moreover, the entire atmosphere makes the guests feel how etiquette and manners are important, and each of them tries to behave apparently. It is rather oriental to eat without haste. Instead, harmonious and warm atmosphere makes you relax and forget about daily routine. After all, it is almost impossible to eat quickly with chopsticks which make each visitor a little bit Japanese.

Kashmir conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Kashmir conflict - Essay Example Muslim Pashtun tribesmen from Pakistan took to regularly raiding into Kashmir. The Maharaja was ill equipped to respond and India refused to intervene until Kashmir agreed to annexation. The Maharaja â€Å"eventually decided to accede to India, signing over key powers to the Indian government – in return for military aid and a promised referendum.†5 When Indian troops entered the Kashmir, Pakistan invaded to ‘defend’ Kashmiri autonomy. The result was the first India-Pakistan War, fought in and over the Kashmir. It ended on New Year’s Day, 1949 when the United Nations brokered a cease-fire agreement and dispatched a peacekeeping force to the region.6 Map 1: Kashmir Remarkably, this cease-fire was tenuously maintained through fifteen years of â€Å"unending artillery duels and annual clashes on the world’s highest glacier.†7 However, in 1965 war broke out again. India accused Pakistan of infiltrating local insurgents into the Indian contr olled region and fermenting rebellion. In response India crossed the cease-fire line and occupied key defensive positions. Eventually another cease-fire saw them return to their original positions. In 1971, while a devastating civil war raged in East Pakistan (Bangladesh) Indian troops entered that country. That ignited the third India-Pakistan War. Although that war was not fought in the Kashmir directly one of its results was the â€Å"Simla agreement that turned the Line of control [cease-fire line] into their unofficial temporary border.†8 Since 1972 India and Pakistan have not fought another war although the border conflicts have persisted. Also, as noted earlier, the potential for catastrophic conflict increased significantly in... The province of Kashmir is located in India, on the border between India and Pakistan. It is the only state in India with a Muslim majority (67.2 percent). Consequently, it has been a point of hostility, endemic guerrilla warfare, and occasional conventional military clashes. Additionally, for the last few years the threat of nuclear conflagration has hung ominously over the province. Then events over the last decade, the current situation, will be examined. Finally, prospects for the future, specifically prospects for the resolution of the dispute will be considered. With an autonomous Kashmir a non-starter and India and Pakistan both firmly committed to controlling Kashmir rather than its partition, it is difficult to see that the dispute is any closer to a resolution today than it was a decade ago when Fathers described it as 'stumbling toward resolution'. On the positive side this dispute has simmered and occasionally flared up throughout the decade since both India and Pakistan revealed that they had nuclear capabilities without ever becoming an out and out declared war, let alone a nuclear exchange and it seems reasonable to assert that the conflict will continue to smolder without becoming grounds for a nuclear confrontation.

Evaluating Team Performance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluating Team Performance - Assignment Example In this evaluation both technical and interpersonal abilities of the team members were taken into consideration. One factor that is always of high importance when evaluating a cross-functional team is the expertise contribution of the members. The team was comprised of members of the marketing, accounting, sales, human resource management, public relations, technical, and engineering departments. All the members were expected to represent the concerns of their various departments with regard to the organization’s culture and potential changes (Stewart, 2006). All the members were able to bring in their expertise with all members basing their reasons on researches that were carried out with regard to the matter. The marketing department asserted that the culture should not change the public’s perception of the organization. As for the engineering department representatives, the most important thing was to make sure that the culture encourages a technical productivity of the organization. It is no doubt that at the end of the day all the departments’ perspectives were proper ly reviewed and an eventual conclusion reached (Dyer,Dyer & Dyer, 2013). When asked about the team’s goal, all the members were able to identify what the goals. This is helpful because it enables a team to work as a single unit with a single focus and goal. However, it is also notable that the team would not have been able to work together for a common purpose if they do not share the same opinion with regard to the group’s goal (West & Markiewicz, 2004). Therefore, the leader saw that it was appropriate to let all the members give their opinion about the goals of the team (Franz, 2012). Different members gave different opinions on how the goal will be reached. Some of the members suggested that the start-up style labs should be left to operate for a while so that they could observe the changes in organizational culture and whether there will be a necessity for any change in

Needs of people with disabilities in Health and Social Care Assignment

Needs of people with disabilities in Health and Social Care - Assignment Example The principal test folks of youngsters with ASD face are the conclusion itself, which can bring disaster, nervousness, annoyance and an inclination that life has been uncalled for, as stated by Webmd. "You don't need to child yourself about how hard it is," said Robert A. Naseef, Ph.d., a clinical clinician in Philadelphia, the writer of the book "Uncommon Children, Challenged Parents," and the father of a become child with extreme Autism. As he educated Webmd, "The great thing concerning getting a conclusion is that then you get a heading in what will help your youngster. More often than not, when children get the right help and begin making advancement, their guardian's state of mind lights up and you have some trust once more." Â  An alternate obstacle for folks is the strain having a youngster with such far reaching needs puts on the family unit. Naseef noted to Webmd that pressure can enter relational unions on the grounds that managing a mental imbalance is so expending and he urges couples to attempt to set aside a few minutes for their marriage. One proposal he has is having an "in-home" night out, so that folks don't need to stress over getting a sitter, and appreciating a calm supper and film after the children have gone to bunk. An alternate trouble for families might be the way kin feel dominated by the needs of the youngster with extreme Autism, keeping in mind some have the capacity to structure a nearby relationship, others may lament the passing of a commonplace mate.

The Biggest Bill in History and The Lessons of 193 Essay Example for Free

The Biggest Bill in History and The Lessons of 193 Essay Two articles on the current economic crisis—Pubic Debt: The Biggest Bill in History (The Economist, June 11, 2009) and The Lessons of 1937 (The Economist, June 18, 2009) both list down various points and issues that liken today’s financial crisis to that of the Great Depression of the 1930’s. Upon introduction, Romer writes that â€Å"policymakers must learn from the errors that prolonged the Depression (par. 1)†, while Ryder contrasts between â€Å"the right and wrong ways to deal with the rich world’s fiscal mess (par. 1). † The Lessons of 1937 In a guest article, Presidential Economic Adviser Christina Romer describes the barriers that economic recovery had to hurdle in the late 1930’s. She credits this downturn to the â€Å"unfortunate, and largely inadvertent, switch to contractionary fiscal and monetary policy (Romer, par. 3). † Romer stresses the importance of looking at the events of the 1937 Depression and learning from its mistakes. There is a strong urge today to declare victory and the return of fiscal stability at the slightest sign of economic improvement—Romer believes that today’s lawmakers should strongly avoid doing so until the employment rate closely approaches its highest degree. The lessons of the 1930’s should inspire us to â€Å"find constructive ways to respond to the natural pressure to cut back on stimulus (Romer, par. 7). † Public Debt: The Biggest Bill in History Brett Ryder’s opinion piece describes massive public debt as another potential â€Å"cloud†¦on the financial horizon (par. 1). As tax revenues are reduces and more money reserves are spent on bailouts, unemployment benefits and stimulus plans, international governments continue to borrow massive amounts of money. Ryder also writes that whatever damage this borrowing is doing, it is a necessary â€Å"antidote† to the current economic decline (par. 3). Governments should hold off on fiscal tightening until economies are much stronger. Works Cited Romer, Christina. â€Å"The Lessons of 1937. † Economist. com. 18 June 2009. 22 June 2009. http://www. economist. com/businessfinance/displaystory. cfm? story_id=13856176. Ryder, Brett. â€Å"Public Debt: The Biggest Bill in History. † Economist. com. 11 June 2009. 22 June 2009. http://www. economist. com/opinion/displaystory. cfm? story_id=13829461. The (Macro)Economic Crisis:

A Comparison of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen Essay -- English Liter

A Comparison of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen ADVANCED ENGLISH LANGUAGE ESSAY Of the many authors to emerge during the nineteenth-century, Charles Dickens and Jane Austen were among the few who would make a lasting impression on the literary world for generations. Hard Times, often referred to as Dickens’ ‘Industrial novel’ and Austen’s Pride and Prejudice have been much read and well-loved classics for many years. It is the purpose of this essay to compare and contrast the different worlds depicted in both Hard Times and Pride and Prejudice. It will also look at the literary development between the early and late nineteenth-century. The essay will end with the examination of the stylistic characteristics of each author. In the world depicted in Hard Times, workers are treated as little more than interchangeable parts in the factory's machinery, given just enough wages to keep them alive and just enough rest to make it possible for them to stand in front of their machines the next day. The town in which the story is set is called Coketown, taking its name from the ‘Coke’, or treated coal, powering the factories and blackening the town's skies. It is a large fictional industrial community in the north of England during the mid-nineteenth century. In Chapter 5 of the novel, Dickens describes the town as having buildings and streets that looked the same with red brick but were forever masked with smoke. The reader is told that the town looked like the ‘painted face of a savage’ and ‘serpents of smoke’ trailed out of its factories. It is easy to imagine the sunshine struggling to break through the thick smoke. The lives of the workers were monotonous and hard as they lived in ‘a town so sacred to ... ...ast, Miss Austen’s very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice. That young lady had a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life, which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with.’ (Watt, 1963). BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, W. (1954) The English Novel, Dutton, New York Allen, W. (1960) The English Novel, Pelican, London Bygrave, S. ed. (1996) Approaching Literature: Romantic Writings, The Open University Gray, M. and Gray, L. (2001) York Notes Advanced: Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen, York Press, London Page, N. (1985) Macmillan Master Guides: Hard Times by Charles Dickens, Macmillan Education Ltd, London ("Romanticism (literature)," Microsoft ® Encarta ® 98 Encyclopedia.  © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation.) Watt, I. Ed. (1963) Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays, Prentice-Hall Inc, USA A Comparison of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen Essay -- English Liter A Comparison of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen ADVANCED ENGLISH LANGUAGE ESSAY Of the many authors to emerge during the nineteenth-century, Charles Dickens and Jane Austen were among the few who would make a lasting impression on the literary world for generations. Hard Times, often referred to as Dickens’ ‘Industrial novel’ and Austen’s Pride and Prejudice have been much read and well-loved classics for many years. It is the purpose of this essay to compare and contrast the different worlds depicted in both Hard Times and Pride and Prejudice. It will also look at the literary development between the early and late nineteenth-century. The essay will end with the examination of the stylistic characteristics of each author. In the world depicted in Hard Times, workers are treated as little more than interchangeable parts in the factory's machinery, given just enough wages to keep them alive and just enough rest to make it possible for them to stand in front of their machines the next day. The town in which the story is set is called Coketown, taking its name from the ‘Coke’, or treated coal, powering the factories and blackening the town's skies. It is a large fictional industrial community in the north of England during the mid-nineteenth century. In Chapter 5 of the novel, Dickens describes the town as having buildings and streets that looked the same with red brick but were forever masked with smoke. The reader is told that the town looked like the ‘painted face of a savage’ and ‘serpents of smoke’ trailed out of its factories. It is easy to imagine the sunshine struggling to break through the thick smoke. The lives of the workers were monotonous and hard as they lived in ‘a town so sacred to ... ...ast, Miss Austen’s very finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice. That young lady had a talent for describing the involvements and feelings and characters of ordinary life, which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with.’ (Watt, 1963). BIBLIOGRAPHY Allen, W. (1954) The English Novel, Dutton, New York Allen, W. (1960) The English Novel, Pelican, London Bygrave, S. ed. (1996) Approaching Literature: Romantic Writings, The Open University Gray, M. and Gray, L. (2001) York Notes Advanced: Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen, York Press, London Page, N. (1985) Macmillan Master Guides: Hard Times by Charles Dickens, Macmillan Education Ltd, London ("Romanticism (literature)," Microsoft ® Encarta ® 98 Encyclopedia.  © 1993-1997 Microsoft Corporation.) Watt, I. Ed. (1963) Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays, Prentice-Hall Inc, USA

Technology and Civilization: Course Description

Key themes that will be surveyed in this course Include a) technology, culture, race and gender, b) religion and technology, c) the relationship between science and technology, d) the management of technology, and e) how users shape new technologies. Further Information about natural science courses can be found at www. Ants. York. Ca. Class Format: The class is scheduled to meet on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 4-5:pm. Classes will begin with a lecture followed by a discussion period of class readings.You will then be asked to fill out Work's Attending Physician's Statement and submit it before you are allowed to write the exam at an alternate date and time. Depending on your situation, you may also be asked to fill out a Deferred Standing Form as well. Further information about missed exams and the required forms can be found at: www. Registrar. York. Ca/exams/deferred/ If you miss an exam for a non-medical emergency, please contact your course director via email within 48 hours and outline your situation. If your explanation is accepted, you will be asked to provide further documentation.After examining your documentation, the course director will decide whether to grant or deny you permission to write your exam. Students with physical, learning or psychiatric disabilities who require reasonable accommodations in teaching style or evaluation methods should discuss this with the Course Director early in the term so that appropriate arrangements can be made. Course Website: The course website is: http://model. York. Ca Once you go this website, you must enter in your Passport York User ID and Password n order to access courses.The course is listed under the Faculty of Science. Will be posted on the course website. Although these notes are extensive, it is still imperative that you come to class. This is because our in-class lectures will highlight what material is most important to know. This will allow you to focus your attention on what you really need to know to do well on exams. Also, don't forget that attendance is worth 8% of your mark. is a student-run academic support service designed to help York University undergraduate students excel in their Natural Science courses.Their team of dedicated tutors will clarify course material and offer general guidance on assignments, enabling you to complete them independently with a higher degree of success.